Answer:
A buffer tank is a large, insulated tank that stores chilled water. It helps keep cooling stable, especially when heat levels in the data center suddenly rise or fall. This is critical in modern data centers where servers can heat up quickly especially when running AI or high-performance tasks

If the main cooling system (like a chiller) temporarily stops, the buffer tank provides 5–10 minutes of backup cooling. This gives the team time to fix the issue or shut things down safely—protecting servers from overheating and keeping systems online.

Answer:

• • Built to industry standards (e.g., ASME-certified for safety).
  • Made from strong, durable materials like carbon or stainless steel.
  • Tested to handle high pressure and temperature.
  • Properly insulated to avoid heat loss or gain.

When designing a buffer tank for a data center, engineers consider:

• Tank Size (Volume): Based on how much thermal storage is needed. Larger tanks offer longer emergency cooling time.
• Working Pressure & Temperature: The tank must safely handle the pressure and heat in the cooling system.
• Material Type: Carbon steel is common, but stainless steel is used for more demanding environments.
• Insulation: Helps prevent heat gain or loss, improving efficiency.
• Connection Points (Nozzles): Must match the pipework and flow needs of the system.

Several things affect the total cost:

• Standard vs. Custom Tanks: Standard models cost less and are quicker to get. Custom tanks are more expensive due to extra design and materials.
• Pressure rating: 6 bar operating pressure is normal designed by most consulting engineer. However, it still can be increased to 10 bar.
• Material Choice: Stainless steel costs more than carbon steel but offers better corrosion resistance.
• Size: Larger tanks require more materials and cost more to build and ship.
• Features: Insulation, internal flow control, high-pressure ratings, and special coatings add to cost.
• Lead Times: Fast delivery may cost more or limit design options.

Lead time depends on:

• Tank Size: Larger tanks take longer to fabricate.
• Custom Features: Special designs, fittings, or materials increase build time.
• Material Availability: Delays can happen if materials like stainless steel are in short supply.
• Certification: Tanks built to ASME code go through extra inspection and testing.
• Manufacturer Workload: High demand or limited capacity at the factory can push out delivery timelines.

Since tanks are large and heavy, shipping requires planning:

• Transportation Method: Larger tanks may need flatbed trucks or special permits for oversized loads. It is advisable that the tank be fabricated at factory that is equipped with tools and remain a diameter size below 4200mm diameter to ease road transportation.
• Site Access: Cranes or forklifts may be needed to unload and position the tank.
• Packaging & Protection: Tanks are often wrapped or crated to prevent damage during transit.
• Customs & Export (for international projects): Extra documentation and clearance steps may be needed.

• Plan early: Finalize tank specs as early as possible to avoid delays.
• Go standard if possible: Standard designs are cheaper and ship faster.
• Work with certified vendors: Ensure tanks are built to code (like ASME) for safety and performance.

Confirm logistics upfront: Know how the tank will be delivered and installed, especially for tight site access